A Compendium of Medieval World Sovereigns

Timothy Venning is an independent scholar and researcher and formerly worked on the Oxford New Dictionary of National Biography. His previous books include A Chronology of the Crusades (2015) and A Chronology of Early Medieval Western Europe (2017).

PREFACE SECTION ONE. THE BYZANTINE WORLD Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire to 1204. Latin Empire Empire of Nicaea Despotate of Epirus Empire of Trebizond Latin principalities of Achaea Duchy of Athens County of Cephallonia Duchy of Naxos Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire after 1261. Despotate of the Morea and other Late Byzantine sub-states. Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empresses. Crusader States: Kingdom of Jerusalem Antioch Tripoli Edessa Cyprus Cilician Armenia Armenia and Georgia. SECTION TWO: THE ISLAMIC WORLD Caliphs: C7th heirs of the Prophet, then Ummayads and Abbasids. Fatimid Caliphate of Tunisia and Egypt (Christian states of upper Egypt/ Nubia: Makuria and Dongola) Khorasan: Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids Egypt; Tulunids and Ikshidids. Iran: Buyids. Syria: Hamdanids, Mirdasids, Uqaylids. Azerbaijan: Sa'dids. Aghlabids of Tunisia Ummayad emirate and Caliphate of Al-Andalus, Spain Successor-states in C11th Al-Andalus. Seljuks: Iran; Konya/ Anatolia. Syria: Zengids Ayyubids of Egypt and Syria Central Asia/ Afghanistan: Khwarezm, Ghaznavids. Yemen Sicily; Majorca. Morocco Maghreb: Almoravids, Almohads. Tunisia: Hafsids, Zirids, Wattasids. Mongols: Great Khans (with Yuan of China) Iran: Ilkhans Golden Horde and other Central Asian Mongol states Jagatai Khans; Timurids; Qaraqanids. Late Medieval Anatolia: Dhu'l Qadir; Karamanids; Germiyan; Aydin; Sarukhan; Menteshe; Kastamonu; Kara Koyunlu; Ak Koyunlu. Ottoman Sultanate SECTION THREE: ASIA AND AFRICA Medieval India: Hindu and Moslem states Burma Thailand Khmer states Vietnam Dynasties of China: T'ang to Ming Korea Japan Ethiopia The Sahel: Kanem/ Bornu; Ghana, Mali and Songhai Nigeria: Hausa states Central Africa SECTION FOUR: THE BRITISH ISLES Britain : Anglo-Saxon England England after 1066 Wales: Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed/ Deheubarth, Gwent, Brycheiniog (Brecon). Early Scotland: Picts, Dal Riada/Scots, Strathclyde. Medieval Scotland from 844 Jarldom of Orkney Lords of the Isles/ Hebrides Kingdom of Man Ireland: High Kings Ulster; Leinster; Munster; Connacht; Viking Dublin. SECTION FIVE: EUROPE, PART ONE, WEST. Francia; Merovingians, Carolingians Medieval France: Kings ; Brittany, Normandy, Anjou, Blois, Champagne, Artois, Boulogne, Flanders, Lorraine, Alencon, Burgundy/ Arles; Aquitaine; Toulouse; Bearn; Foix; Provence; Vienne; Franche-Comte. Spain: Barcelona; Suevi; Visigoths; Asturias/ Leon; Leon and Castile; Aragon; Navarre. Portugal SECTION SIX: EUROPE, CENTRE, SOUTH AND NORTH. Hungary Low Countries: Brabant, Holland, Hainault. Holy Roman Empire: Emperors. Bavaria; Saxony; Palatinate; Hesse and Thuringia; Baden; Wurtemmberg; Mecklenberg; Brandenburg; Brunswick and Luneburg; Julich and Cleves; Austria. Poland; Lithuania; Silesia. Bohemia Serbia; Bulgaria. Vandal Africa. Burgundians Italy: Ostrogoths; Lombards; Venice; Savoy/ Piedmont; Montferrat; Milan; Modena; Mantua; Florence; Popes; Naples and Sicily. Denmark; Norway; Sweden. Russia: Grand Princes of Kiev/ Kiyev. Chernigov; Smolensk; Ryazan; Galicia; Vladimir-Suzdal; Novgorod; Rostov; Yaroslavl; Tver; Moscow. INDEX