Advances in Metabolic Disorders

Advances in Metabolic Disorders, Volume 7 covers the developments in the study of metabolic disorders. The book discusses the role of growth hormone on the stimulation of somatomedin in the tissues; the secretion of natriuretic hormones by extracellular volume expansion; and the methodological aspects on the estimation of genetic effects of environmental agents in man. The text also describes the metabolic aspects of desert adaptation by man and the synthesis and secretion of insulin in dynamic perfusion systems. The general morphological and functional aspects of islet cells as well as the mechanisms involved in the release of insulin from the beta cell are also considered. The book further tackles the mechanisms of insulin action; diabetes mellitus as a disease of pancreatic and extrapancreatic origin; and the pathogenesis of pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia and insulin insensitivity in obesity. The text concludes by looking into the clinical correlation of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The book will prove invaluable to endocrinologists, biochemists, physicians, and medical students.

ContributorsContents of Previous VolumesGrowth Hormone and Somatomedin I. Introduction II. Sulfation Factor-Somatomedin III. Bioassay of Somatomedin IV. Occurrence of Somatomedin in Serum V. Purification of Somatomedin VI. Mechanism of Production of Somatomedin VII. Biological Action of Purified Somatomedin in Vitro VIII. Relations between Somatomedins and Other Growth Factors IX. Conclusions ReferencesNatriuretic Hormones I. Introduction II. An Outline of Current Concepts of the Regulation of Renal Sodium Excretion III. Cross-Circulation and Related Studies IV. In Vitro Assays V. "Natriuretic" Assays VI. Other Natriuretic Agents VII. Site of Secretion and Chemical Nature VIII. Speculations ReferencesMethodological Aspects on the Estimation of Genetic Effects of Environmental Agents in Man I. Introduction II. Changes in Selection III. Changes in Mutation Frequency IV. Parameters That Possibly Might Reflect Changes in the Genetic Material V. Summary ReferencesMetabolic Aspects of Desert Adaptation (Man) I. Introduction II. Methodology of Energy Metabolism Studies III. Adaptive Changes in Man's Basal Metabolism in Hot Environment IV. Man's Body Temperature, Energy Expenditure, and Work Capacity in Desert Climate V. Food Intake, Nutrients, and Water Metabolism in Desert Conditions VI. Acid-Base Balance in Blood of Man in the Desert VII. The Endocrine Background for Metabolic Changes under Desert Conditions VIII. Some Insights into the Cellular Mechanisms of the Metabolic Changes during Exposure to Heat ReferencesProceedings of a Symposium on Insulin - City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, February 13, 1972 Philosophy and Outlook Text Synthesis and Secretion of Insulin in Dynamic Perfusion Systems I. Introduction II. Materials and Methods III. Results and Discussion IV. Summary References Discussion Structure and Function of the Endocrine Cell Types of the Islets I. Introduction II. Morphology and Hormones of the Islets of Langerhans III. Formation of Insulin in the Beta Cell IV. Insulin Release from the Beta Cell V. Microfilaments in Beta Cell Secretion VI. Glucoreceptor of the Beta Cell VII. Possible Defects in Insulin Release in the Diabetic Subject VIII. Islet Transplantation References Discussion Mechanisms of Insulin Action I. Introduction II. Factors under Consideration III. Current Hypotheses Being Tested References Discussion Diabetes Mellitus-A Disease of Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Origin I. Introduction II. The Mechanisms of the Deranged Insulin Secretion III. Metabolic Consequences of Low Insulin Response (in Nondiabetic Subjects) IV. Factors Involved in the Transition from Prediabetes to Diabetes V. Future Aspects of the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes VI. Conclusions References Discussion The Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Islet Cell Hyperplasia and Insulin Insensitivity in Obesity I. Introduction II. Factors Influencing Islet Function in Obesity III. The Development of Insulin Insensitivity in Obesity IV. Speculations and Conclusions References Discussion Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus I. Pathophysiological Features of Obesity II. Clinical Correlation of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus III. Treatment of Obesity and Prevention of Diabetes by Elimination of Hyperinsulinism IV. Summary References DiscussionSubject Index