Cross-Cultural Politics and the Suspension of the Portuguese Inquisition 1674-81

This book tells the story of the unprecedented suspension of the Portuguese Inquisition (1674-81), a negotiation that started with a request for a general pardon but quickly developed into a crisis over the legitimacy of the Inquisition itself. This analysis of the denouement in the long struggle between New Christians, as forced converts from Judaism were known in Iberia and their persecutors, the Portuguese Inquisition, moves away from binary and national, religious or economic perspectives, arguing that the suspension was entirely political. Taking a transnational approach, this book focuses on agency and decision-making, exploring not only the crucial Roman dimension, but examining all the actors involved; from New Christian merchants, Jesuit fathers, Inquisitors and bishops to the cardinals of the Roman Inquisition asking just how it was possible to bring such an apparently powerful institution to the brink and its efforts to defend itself. The book is an in-depth study of negotiators and negotiations. Using the analytical idea of cross-cultural politics, the book shows how liminal groups could use the skills and connections gained through cross-cultural trade, translating economic trust into political leverage, to galvanic effect. The New Christians acted as diplomats for themselves, questioning the Inquisition's legitimacy and methods, pioneering appeals for minority rights in the face of institutional repression. This book will be of interest to political and social historians of early modern Europe, Iberian and Italian studies, the Inquisition, Catholicism, and legal histories of rights. It also speaks to scholars of diaspora, transnational history, and minority agency.

Ana Paula Lloyd is an early modern historian at King's College London, with a particular interest in cross-cultural political networks, agency and belonging in mobile minorities. Her thesis, (2018), focused on the unprecedented 1672-81 Suspension of the Inquisition in Portugal. Ana Paula is currently a research associate working on a major ERC funded project New Christian Materiality 1450-1750, exploring the material culture of New Christian intercontinental traders of Jewish origin. Her particular focus is on agency and gender and how these were expressed and transformed through materiality in New Christian mercantile communities in different geographic and political spaces.

List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION PART ONE : NETWORKS CHAPTER ONE: The Portuguese Inquisition: From Opportunity to Crisis 1668-1673 CHAPTER TWO: Portuguese New Christians: Cross-Cultural Politics, Representation and Trade CHAPTER THREE: The Jesuits: Problems and Problem-Solvers CHAPTER FOUR: Portuguese New Christians in Rome: Informal Diplomacy and Cross- Cultural Political Communication PART TWO: COMMUNICATION CHAPTER FIVE: Secrecy, Subversion and Surveillance: The Practice of Opposing the Inquisition CHAPTER SIX: The General Council of the Inquisition and the Bishops: Survival Strategies CHAPTER SEVEN: The Jesuits: Re-Inventing the Inquisition PART THREE: DECISION MAKERS CHAPTER EIGHT: The Cardinals of the Roman Inquisition: Information Masters CONCLUSION Bibliography Index