L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC University of Westminster Faculty of Science & Technology Department of Biomedical Sciences London, United Kingdom Victor R. Preedy, BSc, PhD, DSc Professor King's College London Dept Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutritional Sciences Division School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building London, United Kingdom Rajkumar Rajendram, AKC, BSc (Hons), MBBS (Dist), MRCP (UK), FRCA, EDIC, FFICM Nutritional Sciences Research Division Faculty of Life Science and Medicine King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building London, United Kingdom

Section 1: Basic Processes at the Cellular Levels.- Arginine uptake by cells.- L-arginine and the expression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins.- AMP-activated protein kinase and L-arginine.- Amidine-based compounds affecting arginine metabolism.- Oxy- and sulfoanalogues of L-arginine.- Regulation of expression and activity of L-arginine transporters by nutrients and hormones: A focus in transcriptional mechanisms regulated by glucose and insulin.- Arginine, pancreatic beta cell function and diabetes: mechanisms of stimulated insulin release and pathways of metabolism.- Erythrocytes by-products of arginine catabolism.- Section 2: Arginine Metabolism and Functions.- Arginine synthesis from enteral proline.- Arginine and macrophages: role in classical and alternative activation.- Arginine and TNF alpha production in macrophages: a focus on metabolism, ageing, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.- Arginine metabolism impairment during sepsis and diseases: causes and consequences.- Use of arginine with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the endocrine response.- Serum arginase in healthy subjects and nitric oxide.- Section 3: Arginine Status in Cells Related to Organ Damage and Disease.- Protein Arginine Methylation of RNA-binding Proteins and Their Impact on Human Diseases.- DNA-arginine adducts and implications in disease.- Homoarginine and L-arginine: Glycine amidinotransferase in stroke.- The L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio in health and disease: an overview.- Arginine and its transporters in colorectal cancer.- Arginine Uptake and Its Role in the Survival of Breast Cancer Cells.- Section 4: Arginine Status and Use in Healthy Individuals.- Arginine production during pregnancy.- L-arginine in the uterus and placenta and during gestation in mammals.- Oral L-arginine supplementation in young males: endocrinology, metabolic, and physiological responses at rest and during exercise.- Metabolic precursors of L-Arginine supplementation in sport: a focus on L-Citrulline and L-Ornithine.- Section 5: Arginine and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Arginine and its use in ameliorating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in undernourished children.- Arginine and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) .- Dietary L-arginine and intestinal recovery.- Enteral and parenteral arginine supplementation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury.- Mucosal Protection by Arginine in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.- Enteral L-arginine and necrotizing enterocolitis.- Section 6: Therapeutic uses of Arginine: Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases.- L-arginine usage in Type I diabetes: From the autoimmune event to human dietary supplementation.- Oral l-arginine supplementation and glucose metabolism and vascular function.- Arginine enriched apples and diabetic control.- Beneficial impact of cod protein, arginine and other amino acids on insulin sensitivity.- Obese subjects and supplemental L-arginine.- Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and usage of L-arginine.- Arginine Measurement and Concentrations in Hypertension and other Cardiovascular Disease.- L-Arginine and cardiovascular disease.- Arginine therapy in sickle cell disease.- Section 7: Therapeutic Uses of Arginine: Cancer, Wound Healing and Infectious Disease.- Role of arginine in surgical patients with head and neck cancer.- Arginine-Incorporated Albumin Mesospheres: A Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy.- Use of L-arginine and glycine supplementation to reduce radiotherapy damage.- Arginine in Cancer Therapy.- Mechanisms of Arginine-Auxotrophic Response and Their Cancer Therapeutic Implications.- The role of arginine in wound healing.- L-arginine and bacterial translocation: implications for health.- L-arginine in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Arginine in Health and Disease: Recommended Resources and Further Reading.